The half-life of caffeine — the time required for the body to eliminate one-half of the total amount of caffeine consumed — varies widely among individuals according to such factors as age, liver diseases, pregnancy, some medications, and the level of enzymes in the liver needed for caffeine metabolism. In healthy adults, caffeine's half-life is about 3-4 hours. In woman taking oral contraceptives this is increased to around 13 hours, and in pregnant women the half-life is 18-20 hours. Caffeine can accumulate in individuals with severe liver disease when its half-life can increase to 96 hours. In infants and young children, the half-life may be longer than in adults; half-life in a newborn baby may be as long as 30 hours. Other factors, such as smoking can shorten caffeine's half-life.
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